Dynasty/kingdom level rulers of Shirdi area from 1317 to 2000 CE (AD)

My previous post, Seuna Yadavas most probably ruled Shirdi area: as vassal of Rashtrakuta dynastry from c.860 CE, as vassal of Western Chalukyas from c.1000 CE & as independent rulers from c.1187 to 1317 CE, https://ravisiyer.blogspot.com/2022/12/seuna-yadavas-most-probably-ruled.html , covers how the Delhi Sultanate became the ruler of Shirdi area from 1317. This post looks at the period after that.

Note that Devagiri (Daulatabad) fort (& town/city) was the capital of the Seuna Yadavas. It is reasonable to presume that when Delhi Sultanate annexed the Yadava kingdom, they would have governed the new territory (including Shirdi area) from the old capital of Devagiri (Daulatabad) fort (& town/city). So ruler of Daulatabad fort till rival towns/cities/forts like Ahmednagar and Aurangabad got founded, would most probably have been ruler of Shirdi area.

Delhi Sultanate to Bahamani Sultanate to Ahmadnagar Sultanate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate#Tughlaq_dynasty states, "By 1347, the Bahmani Sultanate had become an independent and competing Muslim kingdom in the Deccan region of South Asia." 1347 year matches the establishment date of Bahamani Sultanate in its wiki page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate . The latter wiki page gives a map of Bahamani sultanate territory as of 1470 CE which includes Shirdi area. But was Shirdi area within Bahamani sultanate territory at the time of its founding in 1347? Given below is an extract from the same wiki page:

Before the establishment of his kingdom, he [Ravi: Zafar Khan, founder of Bahamani Sultanate who later was named Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah] was Governor of Deccan and a commander on behalf of Tughlaq's. On 3 August 1347, the elderly Nazir Uddin Ismail Shah (Ismail Mukh) who had revolted against the Delhi Sultanate, voluntarily stepped down in favour of Bahman Shah, a native of Delhi.[25] His revolt was successful, and he established an independent state on the Deccan within the Delhi Sultanate's southern provinces with its headquarters at Hasanabad (Gulbarga) and all his coins were minted at Hasanabad.[26][27] 

--- end wiki extract ---

The above extract implies that all of the Deccan territory of Delhi Sultanate which was being governed by Zafar Khan (Bahman Shah) or perhaps Nazir Uddin Ismail Shah (Ismail Mukh) became territory of the new Bahamani Sultanate which revolted/declared independence from Delhi Sultanate. So Shirdi area which was part of Deccan territory of Delhi Sultanate would also have now come within the new Bahamani sultanate territory.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_Plateau has a great India physical map picture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Physical_Map_of_India.jpg (max resolution version (4724x4960): https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Physical_Map_of_India.jpg ). I have given a medium resolution pic version below (1998x2098).

The Deccan Plateau wiki page states, "The large Deccan Plateau in southern India is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, and is loosely defined as the peninsular region between these ranges that is south of the Narmada river. To the north, it is bounded by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges." The India physical map shows how the Satpura range would form a natural boundary for a kingdom's territory and while I did not check so deeply, it seems that the Bahamani sultanate territory had the Satpura (mountain) range, at least roughly, as its northern border.]

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate , "The Ahmadnagar Sultanate was a late medieval Indian Muslim kingdom located in the northwestern Deccan, between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur.[6][7] Malik Ahmed, the Bahmani governor of Junnar after defeating the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan on 28 May 1490 declared independence and established the Nizam Shahi dynasty rule over the sultanate of Ahmednagar.[8] Initially his capital was in the town of Junnar with its fort, later renamed Shivneri. In 1494, the foundation was laid for the new capital Ahmadnagar." Note that Wikipedia refers to the new capital Ahmadnagar as Ahmednagar city.

So the Ahmadnagar Sultanate was formed out of Bahamani Sultanate in 1490. Note that Junnar is around 122 kms by road from Shirdi, and so is not very far from Shirdi.

Some more info. related to Junnar is given below.

Junnar, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junnar , is at an elevation of "689 m (2,260 ft)". "Junnar has been an important trading and political centre for the last two millennia. The town is on the trade route that links the ports of western India or more specifically of Konkan with Deccan interiors."

The trade route linked Kalyan (near Dombivli and quite near Mumbai), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalyan , at an elevation of "8.84 m (29.00 ft)" on the Konkan coast to Junnar, and was through Naneghat mountain pass. For more on it, please visit my July 2022 post: 1 BCE (2000 years ago) Roman trade in India through Sopara & Kalyan ports, Naneghat pass and then to Junnar, Nasik & Paithan in today's Maharashtra - Part 1, https://ravisiyermisc.blogspot.com/2022/07/1-bce-2000-years-ago-roman-trade-in.html [This post has a link to part 2 (final) post.] 

BTW Shirdi elevation is "504 m (1,654 ft)" as per its wiki page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirdi and Ahmednagar elevation is "649 m (2,129 ft)" as per its wiki page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar .

See below Google Map pic with terrain which shows Junnar, Shirdi, Ahmednagar and Kalyan, and shows how Kalyan (which is slightly inland from the coast but almost at sea level elevation - less than 30 ft. elevation) is separated by mountains from Junnar, Shirdi and Ahmednagar which are on the Deccan Plateau (and so at an elevated level of 1500 to 2200 ft.):

It is possible that right from 1490, Shirdi area was ruled by Ahmadnagar sultanate which then had its capital in Junnar.

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort , "In 1499, Daulatabad became a part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, who used it as their secondary capital."

Now Ahmednagar city, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar , was founded in 1490 (or 1494 as both dates are given in the city wiki page) by founder of Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Ahmednagar is 90 km by road from Shirdi and Daulatabad (Devagiri) fort is 97 km by road from Shirdi. It is possible that Shirdi area came under control of Ahmadnagar Sultanate right from 1490/1494 when Ahmadnagar city was under Ahmadnagar Sultanate (or was ruled from its previous capital of Junnar from 1490). But surely Shirdi area came under Ahmadnagar Sultanate when Daulatabad became part of it in 1499. Since the intervening period is less then 10 years, I think it is better to use 1499 as the year when Shirdi area came under rule of Ahmadnagar Sultanate.

So Daulatabad fort ruler and hence ruler of Shirdi area, in this period seems to be:

1317 to 1347: Delhi Sultanate

1347 to 1499: Bahamani Sultanate

1499 onwards: Ahmadnagar Sultanate

Ahmadnagar Sultanate to Mughal empire

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate : "After the death of Chand Bibi in July 1600, Ahmadnagar was conquered by the Mughals and the Sultan was imprisoned." .. "Although, Ahmadnagar city and its adjoining areas were occupied by the Mughals, an extensive part of the kingdom still remained in possession of the influential officials of the Nizam Shahi dynasty. Malik Ambar and other Ahmadnagar officials defied the Mughals and declared Murtaza Nizam Shah II as sultan in 1600 at a new capital Paranda."

Now Paranda is down south from Ahmadnagar and distance between Shirdi and Paranda is 222 kms by road. See below pic .

[On PC desktop/laptop, to open pic in larger resolution (if available), right-click on pic followed by open link (NOT image) in new tab/window. In new tab/window you may have to click on pic to zoom in.]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort states, "The Mughal Governor of the Deccan under Shah Jahan, captured the fortress in 1632 and imprisoned the Nizam Shahi prince Hussain Shah.[24]". Daulatabad is to the north of Ahmednagar and did not come under Mughal control till 1632.

Another extract from Ahmadnagar sultanate wiki page: "In 1636 Aurangzeb, then Mughal viceroy of Deccan finally annexed the sultanate to the Mughal empire after defeating Shahaji."

So from 1636, the whole of Ahmadnagar sultanate had become part of Mughal empire. But for our Shirdi area purposes, when did Shirdi area come under Mughal empire control? I think it is difficult to know that precisely. Perhaps it was in 1632 when Daulatabad fort came under Mughal control. To be safe, I think we can take 1636 as the year when Mughals started their rule of Shirdi area. So I think we can say the following about Shirdi area ruler:

1499 to c.1636: Ahmadnagar Sultanate

c.1636 onwards: Mughal empire

Mughal empire to Hyderabad Nizam to Marathas to Britain to Independent India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangabad#History states, "In 1724, Asaf Jah, a Mughal general and Nizam al-Mulk in the Deccan region, decided to secede from the crumbling Mughal Empire, with the intention of founding his own dynasty in the Deccan. Aurangabad continued to be politically and culturally significant for the next 40 years as capital of Asaf Jah's new dominion, until his son and successor Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II transferred the capital to Hyderabad in 1763.[17][18]"

So Mughal empire rule over Shirdi area would have ended around 1724 after which Nizam of Hyderabad became the new ruler.

The Daulatabad wiki page states, "It was recaptured by the Marathas in 1760." But there is no mention of an earlier capture by Marathas of this fort! So I think we can take that to mean that Marathas got control of Daulatabad fort in 1760.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar states "In 1759, the Peshwa of the Marathas obtained possession of the place [Ravi: Ahmednagar city] from Nizam of Hyderabad and in 1795 it was ceded by the Peshwa to the Maratha chief Daulat Rao Sindhia. Ahmednagar was besieged by a British force under Richard Wellesley and captured. It was afterward restored to the Marathas, but again came into the possession of the British in 1817, according to the terms of the Treaty of Poona, and was known as Ahmednuggur."

So I think we can say Marathas got control of Shirdi area in 1759-60 and ruled over it till 1817 after which British ruled over Shirdi area. We can ignore the short period in between when Ahmednagar city was captured by the British.

So I think we can say the following about Shirdi area ruler:

c.1636 to 1724: Mughal empire.

1724 to 1760: Nizam of Hyderabad.

1760 to 1817: Marathas

1817 to 1947: Britain

1947 onwards: Independent India

Conclusion

From the above and my previous post mentioned at the top of this post, we can say that most probably the rulers and periods for Shirdi area in the period little before 1000 CE to 2000 CE (AD), are as given below:

1. c.860-880 to c.1000: Seuna Yadavas as a vassal of Rashtrakutas
2. c.1000 to c.1187: Seuna Yadavas as a vassal of Western Chalukyas
3. c.1187 AD to c.1317: Seuna Yadavas as independent (sovereign) rulers but with Delhi Sultanate seriously challenging Yadava rule from 1296 onwards.
4. 1317 to 1347: Delhi Sultanate
5. 1347 to 1499: Bahamani Sultanate
6. 1499 to c.1636: Ahmadnagar Sultanate
7. c.1636 to 1724: Mughal empire.
8. 1724 to 1760: Nizam of Hyderabad.
9. 1760 to 1817: Marathas
10. 1817 to 1947: Britain
11. 1947 onwards: Independent India 

[I thank Wikipedia and Google Maps, and have presumed that they will not have any objections to me sharing the above extract(s)/Map pic from their website on this post which is freely viewable by all, and does not have any financial profit motive whatsoever.]